This study examines the disparities in Indonesia’s Total Fertility Rate (TFR). It examines how the decentralization of the Family Planning (FP) program can be an effective strategy to address these inequalities. These disparities are primarily driven by limited regional capacity, dependence on central government funding, and insufficient political commitment at the local level. Using a qualitative approach combining secondary data analysis and in-depth interviews with stakeholders from the National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN), this research reveals that decentralization can enhance Family Planning (FP) program performance by empowering local governments, promoting innovation, and fostering community-based solutions.

This study’s key contribution lies in examining the long-term impacts of decentralization on TFR disparities, addressing a gap in the existing literature, which has primarily focused on short-term evaluations. The study also highlights the importance of sustained financial support, coherent national policy frameworks, and the integration of digital technology to enhance access and service delivery, particularly in underserved areas. Findings suggest that effective decentralization must be supported by cross-sectoral collaboration and active community participation to ensure equity in reproductive health services.

In conclusion, decentralization holds significant potential to reduce fertility disparities in Indonesia, provided it is implemented with strategic planning and strong institutional support.